What is it
Students extend KS3's wave model with the wave equation (speed = frequency × wavelength), reflection and refraction, the electromagnetic spectrum and its uses/dangers, and required-practical wave-speed measurements.
Why it matters
The electromagnetic spectrum connects physics to everyday technology — X-rays, microwaves, radio — and wave-equation calculations are a guaranteed, learnable source of marks.
Exam tip
Memorise the electromagnetic spectrum in order (radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma) alongside one real use for each — ordering and use-matching questions are very common.
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