Distance-time graph and velocity-time graph, showing how gradient reveals speed and accelerationDistance–timetimedistancesteep = fastflat = stoppedVelocity–timetimevelocityarea = distance

What is it

This topic covers scalar and vector quantities, resultant forces, Newton's three laws of motion, momentum, stopping distances, and calculations involving speed, acceleration, force and momentum using velocity-time and distance-time graphs.

Why it matters

Forces is typically the single largest topic on the GCSE physics paper by mark allocation, and graph-interpretation plus multi-step calculation questions here are a major source of higher-tier marks.

Exam tip

Practise finding acceleration from the gradient of a velocity-time graph and distance from the area under it — these two graph skills are tested on nearly every physics paper.

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