What is it
Students learn how organisms interact within a community through feeding relationships (food chains and food webs), competition for resources, and how energy and biomass are transferred and lost between trophic levels.
Why it matters
Ecosystems is where biology meets real-world environmental issues — food security, conservation, climate impact — and forms the basis of GCSE biology's ecology topic.
Exam tip
Remember that arrows in a food chain always point in the direction energy flows (from eaten to eater) — this exact direction is one of the most frequently tested and most frequently reversed mistakes.
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